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阿里云linux服务器安全设置(防火墙策略等)

2025-12-25 分类：云服务器 阅读(9)

首先需要进行linux的基础安全设置

1、Linux系统脚本

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#!/bin/bash
#########################################
#Function: linux drop port
#Usage: bash linux_drop_port.sh
#Author: Customer Service Department
#Company: Alibaba Cloud Computing
#Version: 2.0
#########################################
check_os_release()
{
while true
do
os_release=$(grep "Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release"/etc/issue 2>/dev/null)
os_release_2=$(grep "Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release"/etc/redhat-release 2>/dev/null)
if [ "$os_release" ] && [ "$os_release_2" ]
then
if echo "$os_release"|grep "release 5" >/dev/null2>&1
then
os_release=redhat5
echo "$os_release"
elif echo "$os_release"|grep "release 6">/dev/null 2>&1
then
os_release=redhat6
echo "$os_release"
else
os_release=""
echo "$os_release"
fi
break
fi
os_release=$(grep "Aliyun Linux release" /etc/issue2>/dev/null)
os_release_2=$(grep "Aliyun Linux release" /etc/aliyun-release2>/dev/null)
if [ "$os_release" ] && [ "$os_release_2" ]
then
if echo "$os_release"|grep "release 5" >/dev/null2>&1
then
os_release=aliyun5
echo "$os_release"
elif echo "$os_release"|grep "release 6">/dev/null 2>&1
then
os_release=aliyun6
echo "$os_release"
else
os_release=""
echo "$os_release"
fi
break
fi
os_release=$(grep "CentOS release" /etc/issue 2>/dev/null)
os_release_2=$(grep "CentOS release" /etc/*release2>/dev/null)
if [ "$os_release" ] && [ "$os_release_2" ]
then
if echo "$os_release"|grep "release 5" >/dev/null2>&1
then
os_release=centos5
echo "$os_release"
elif echo "$os_release"|grep "release 6">/dev/null 2>&1
then
os_release=centos6
echo "$os_release"
else
os_release=""
echo "$os_release"
fi
break
fi
os_release=$(grep -i "ubuntu" /etc/issue 2>/dev/null)
os_release_2=$(grep -i "ubuntu" /etc/lsb-release2>/dev/null)
if [ "$os_release" ] && [ "$os_release_2" ]
then
if echo "$os_release"|grep "Ubuntu 10" >/dev/null2>&1
then
os_release=ubuntu10
echo "$os_release"
elif echo "$os_release"|grep "Ubuntu 12.04">/dev/null 2>&1
then
os_release=ubuntu1204
echo "$os_release"
elif echo "$os_release"|grep "Ubuntu 12.10">/dev/null 2>&1
then
os_release=ubuntu1210
echo "$os_release"
else
os_release=""
echo "$os_release"
fi
break
fi
os_release=$(grep -i "debian" /etc/issue 2>/dev/null)
os_release_2=$(grep -i "debian" /proc/version 2>/dev/null)
if [ "$os_release" ] && [ "$os_release_2" ]
then
if echo "$os_release"|grep "Linux 6" >/dev/null2>&1
then
os_release=debian6
echo "$os_release"
else
os_release=""
echo "$os_release"
fi
break
fi
os_release=$(grep "openSUSE" /etc/issue 2>/dev/null)
os_release_2=$(grep "openSUSE" /etc/*release 2>/dev/null)
if [ "$os_release" ] && [ "$os_release_2" ]
then
if echo "$os_release"|grep"13.1" >/dev/null 2>&1
then
os_release=opensuse131
echo "$os_release"
else
os_release=""
echo "$os_release"
fi
break
fi
break
done
}
exit_script()
{
echo -e "\\033[1;40;31mInstall $1 error,will exit.\\n\\033[0m"
rm-f $LOCKfile
exit 1
}
config_iptables()
{
iptables -I OUTPUT 1 -p tcp -m multiport --dport21,22,23,25,53,80,135,139,443,445 -j DROP
iptables -I OUTPUT 2 -p tcp -m multiport --dport 1433,1314,1521,2222,3306,3433,3389,4899,8080,18186-j DROP
iptables -I OUTPUT 3 -p udp -j DROP
iptables -nvL
}
ubuntu_config_ufw()
{
ufwdeny out proto tcp to any port 21,22,23,25,53,80,135,139,443,445
ufwdeny out proto tcp to any port 1433,1314,1521,2222,3306,3433,3389,4899,8080,18186
ufwdeny out proto udp to any
ufwstatus
}
####################Start###################
#check lock file ,one time only let thescript run one time
LOCKfile=/tmp/.$(basename $0)
if [ -f "$LOCKfile" ]
then
echo -e "\\033[1;40;31mThe script is already exist,please next timeto run this script.\\n\\033[0m"
exit
else
echo -e "\\033[40;32mStep 1.No lock file,begin to create lock fileand continue.\\n\\033[40;37m"
touch $LOCKfile
fi
#check user
if [ $(id -u) != "0" ]
then
echo -e "\\033[1;40;31mError: You must be root to run this script,please use root to execute this script.\\n\\033[0m"
rm-f $LOCKfile
exit 1
fi
echo -e "\\033[40;32mStep 2.Begen tocheck the OS issue.\\n\\033[40;37m"
os_release=$(check_os_release)
if [ "X$os_release" =="X" ]
then
echo -e "\\033[1;40;31mThe OS does not identify,So this script isnot executede.\\n\\033[0m"
rm-f $LOCKfile
exit 0
else
echo -e "\\033[40;32mThis OS is $os_release.\\n\\033[40;37m"
fi
echo -e "\\033[40;32mStep 3.Begen toconfig firewall.\\n\\033[40;37m"
case "$os_release" in
redhat5|centos5|redhat6|centos6|aliyun5|aliyun6)
service iptables start
config_iptables
;;
debian6)
config_iptables
;;
ubuntu10|ubuntu1204|ubuntu1210)
ufwenable <<EOF
y
EOF
ubuntu_config_ufw
;;
opensuse131)
config_iptables
;;
esac
echo -e "\\033[40;32mConfig firewallsuccess,this script now exit!\\n\\033[40;37m"
rm -f $LOCKfile

上述文件下载到机器内部直接执行即可。

2、设置iptables，限制访问

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/sbin/iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -F
/sbin/iptables -X
/sbin/iptables -Z
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -P INPUT DROP
service iptables save

以上脚本，在每次重装完系统后执行一次即可，其配置会保存至/etc/sysconfig/iptables

3、常用网络监控命令
（1） netstat -tunl：查看所有正在监听的端口

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[root@AY1407041017110375bbZ ~]# netstat -tunl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
udp 0 0 ip:123 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 ip:123 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:123 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:123 0.0.0.0:*

其中123端口用于NTP服务。
（2）netstat -tunp：查看所有已连接的网络连接状态，并显示其PID及程序名称。

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[root@AY1407041017110375bbZ ~]# netstat -tunp
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 96 ip:22 221.176.33.126:52699 ESTABLISHED 926/sshd
tcp 0 0 ip:34385 42.156.166.25:80 ESTABLISHED 1003/aegis_cli

根据上述结果，可以根据需要kill掉相应进程。
如:
kill -9 1003

（3）netstat -tunlp
（4）netstat常用选项说明：

-t: tcp
-u : udp
-l, –listening
Show only listening sockets. (These are omitted by default.)
-p, –program
Show the PID and name of the program to which each socket belongs.
–numeric , -n
Show numerical addresses instead of trying to determine symbolic host, port or user names.

4、修改ssh的监听端口

（1）修改 /etc/ssh/sshd_config

原有的port 22

改为port 44

（2）重启服务

/etc/init.d/sshd restart
（3）查看情况

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netstat -tunl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:44 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
udp 0 0 ip:123 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 ip:123 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:123 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:123 0.0.0.0:*
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